Mortgage Cycling Revealed : Brought to you by – The Ultimate, Super, Fantastic, Mortgage…Resource

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Mortgage tips, secrets, advice, etc.

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L.W. Seals here,

Today’s topic: MORTGAGE CYCLING

How are you this evening?…Great, great! Happy to hear that, happy to hear that. Welcome to our show. You know, everyone is getting ready for the 4th of July weekend, and all types of crazy stuff is going on. Little kids are strapping firecrackers onto the backs of stray animals; fires are sparking up all over the country. The temperature was about 97 degrees today. It’s a little bit wild… We still have’nt purchased any fireworks yet, but we should have one of those mega-family fun packs by the end of the night.

Anyway, today we have a great show for you. On the Ultimate, Super, Fantastic, Mortgage…Resource Site! I had someone ask what Mortgage cycling was. So I want to discuss some aspects of “Mortgage Cycling Revealed”. It explains how to quickly build equity in your home, and pay it off within 10 years or less, all without making biweekly mortgage payments. This would be a pretty cool thing to do right? First off, you pay down your mortgage a lot faster than originally planned. Once your house is payed off, that does mean less stress right? Not to mention more spending money from the equity that you’ve built. Who knows, maybe you can use that extra money to add on to your existing home, pay for your child’s college tuition, go on your dream vacation around the world, or maybe even purchase a second property! It’s your money, do what you want with it.

To our previous caller, some of the things I really like about “Mortgage Cycling Revealed”, is that you get bonuses like the mortgage Cycling Calculator, a guide so that you’ll know “Which Loan is Right For Me?”, Specialty Mortgage Products, “Your Mortgage Checklist”, and learn how to “Cancel Your Private Mortgage Insurance”.

As far as this mortgage cycling goes, we know some of you may say, ” What about the economy? Things may not look so good in the future”. It really does’nt matter when you use a system that works no matter what shape the economy is in. Some of you may live in certain areas that you are not so sure of, or worry about the type of mortgage you are tied into. It doesn’t matter where you live or what type of mortgage you have. Some people don’t know anything, or very little about mortgages. But it does’nt make a difference how much you know or don’t know about mortgages.

Mortgage Cycling Tip:
If you’re looking to pay down your home in a fraction of the time and have the extra cash to spare, why would’nt you save $$$ on the interest charges of your home? Some say it’s risky…anything is when you don’t go about it the right way. Learn the facts, and take advantage of the benefits. Knowledge is power.

(interrupted by short commercial) For up to date info. and more tips, strategies, secrets, or stories, please visit The Ultimate, Super, Fantastic, Mortgage…Resource Site! for full details:
http://ultimatemortgagetips.blogspot.com

Uh, oh! There’s a knock at the door…Gotta go! Hope to see you soon.

read more: Blog4Mortgage.com

Please Welcome “the Penelope Write Foundation”

The Penelope Write Foundation is a non-profit organization that has been established to cater to the needs of children that reside in and attend schools within low income communities. This organization is being sponsored by Parker & Sons Publishing on behalf of Penelope Write. Penelope Write is a native of Chicago, Author, Graduate Student, and single mother of four children.

The foundation’s overall goal is to enhance the reading and writing skills of students who struggle with finding fun in learning and have difficulty advancing academically in these areas. The foundation itself will implement a Literacy Scholar Program into three (3) schools within the following states during latter of 2010: Illinois (Chicago), Georgia (Atlanta), Louisiana (New Orleans), Mississippi (Jackson), and Tennessee (Memphis).

NOTE:  This program is also being extended to schools within the following countries in order to support their students:  Zimbabwe, Ethiopia, Haiti, and Somalia.

Our foundation is extremely ecstatic with presenting your school and its students with the opportunity to enroll into our Literacy Scholar Program course offerings. In order to inquire further, please contact us directly via (773) 291-0629, visit us online via www.penelopewrite.com. Our experienced team of Educational Management Representatives will be sure to follow up with you within 3-5 business days.

In order to provide us with contributions for the organization’s purpose, please visit us online via http://parkersonspublishinginc.com/the_penelope_write_foundation. anytime at your convenience. 

We look forward to your continued support in honor of Penelope Write.

Sincerely,

Parker & Sons Publishing

Media Relations Department

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POWER OFF GRID: BENEFITS OF A POWER OFF GRID SYSTEM FOR YOUR HOME

POWER OFF GRID: BENEFITS OF A POWER OFF GRID SYSTEM FOR YOUR HOME

Power off grid systems are generally utilized in remote locations without the benefit of a utility grid.  The power off grid system can also be used in an area where furbishing a power line to the local utility grid is prohibitively expensive, or in an area where blackouts and/or brownouts are frequent.  With an off grid solar power system, you would be able to provide the energy necessary to light up a cabin, home or business.

Power off grid systems comprehensively alleviate a home’s dependency on utility electrical grids.  Usually, the power off grid systems require a higher initial investment than grid-tie systems.  The difference is because there is a greater demand on the power off grid system.  A grid-tie system usually supplements a home’s energy demands, which reduces the amount of energy required from the utility grid.  In contrast, a power off grid system is responsible for providing all power to the household appliances and tools.

CLICK HERE TO LEARN MORE ABOUT POWER OFF GRID SYSTEMS

When designing a power off grid system, it is best to take a holistic approach and envision the completed project from a “big picture” perspective.  This strategy is even necessary when deciding something as simple as the type of light bulbs that will be utilized.  Standard incandescent lighting is extremely energy inefficient, and as such, you may want to consider fluorescent or LED lighting instead.

Power off grid systems are usually bigger than most grid-tie systems.  For the power off grid system to be fully independent, a system must have a greater array of energy-producing panels, which in turn requires more batteries to store the charge and more equipment to regulate the charge.  However, even though the power off grid system requires a bigger initial investment, in the long run, a power off grid system may save you thousands in energy costs.

CLICK HERE TO BUILD SOLAR POWER SYSTEMS

Here are the main components to a power off grid system:

(1)    Solar Array:         A Solar Array is a group of solar panels which absorb solar energy and convert this to DC power.  The number and type of solar panels will determine how much energy you can produce, as will your geographic location.

(2)    PV Combiner Box:           The PV Combiner Box usually includes GFCIs which protect your solar power system from equipment damage caused by power surges and short circuits.  You can also shut down your solar power system at a moment’s notice, allowing for safe maintenance, repair, and inspection.

(3)    Charge Controller:           Your batteries will accept all electrical current running from the solar array, but overcharging can ruin them.  Charge controllers ensure batteries don’t receive current when they’re charged to capacity, protecting your investment.

(4)    DC Breaker Box:                               The DC Breaker Box includes a disconnect which will regulate the relationship between the battery bank and the inverter so it can be shut down at a moment’s notice to replace, repair, or inspect the batteries safely.

(5)    Battery Bank:     Batteries store the energy you collect through your array.  Power off grid systems must collect enough energy to power your home or business until your batteries can be charged again.

(6)    Inverter:              Inverters take DC power and convert it to AC power.  Most electrical systems (like that found in your home) run off of AC power.

(7)    Back-up Generator:        A back-up power supply is important to compensate for weather patterns which might otherwise disrupt your array’s collection.

CLICK HERE TO MAKE SOLAR POWER SYSTEMS

Music video by Kanye West performing POWER. (C) 2010 Roc-A-Fella Records, LLC
Video Rating: 3 / 5

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Advice for the Big and Tall Male to Upgrade His Look in Comfortable Attire

Big and tall clothes aren’t always the most stylish, while smaller clothes never seem to fit right. But, it is possible to be a big or tall man (or both)and still dress and look stylish. To find out how, keep reading.

Skip the Too-Big and Baggy Look

Fabric that flaps and sways in the wind is rarely attractive. Now, imagine six and-a-half feet of that fabric draping and hanging. To avoid looking like a tall drape or curtain, stay away from clothing that’s too baggy. Instead, stick with clothes that fit.

It’s very common, particularly for tall men, to simply buy the biggest size they can find, hoping that it will be long enough. Stay believing that and you’ll be wearing moo-moos for the rest of your life.

Don’t Wear it Too Tight

Unfortunately, too tight is just as bad, if not worse, as too baggy. On the tall man, clothing that is too snug will make his height and slim frame more pronounced. On the big and tall man, the very same type of clothing will accentuate all the features that he wants to downplay. Instead, choose clothes that fit.

Opt for Horizontal Lines or Plaids

On a tall man, vertical lines act as an elongation device, extending his torso and making him appear taller and larger than he already is. Tall men should look for shirts with small plaids and horizontal stripes, unless you’re a big and tall man. In that case, avoid horizontal stripes and instead stick to tiny patterns and dark colors.

Wear a High Rise Pant

Unless you’re buying your pants in a specialty height store, you should always be buying high-rise pants. Big and tall men often have problems with the crotch of their pants being too short or too small. Avoid all that uncomfortable bunching and twisting by buying pants with a higher rise that fits you through the crotch.

Double Check the Break of Your Pants

The break of your pants is where the bottom hits your shoe. Ideally, your pants should fall loosely and easily on to your shoe, without revealing your ankles or socks. You may find that when you sit down, your pants will rise up, but this is common for everyone.

Choose a Flat-Fronted Pant

Particularly if you’re big and tall, pleated trousers will only accentuate any extra weight around the midsection. Instead, opt for a flat front trouser as an essential element of your big and tall clothes closet. These are also a good fit for tall men in general as pleats can actually elongate the leg, making a man appear even taller.

Tall men or those who are larger are frequently self-conscious about their height and weight. For those who would like to de-emphasize those features as part of their overall appearance, it is important to be cautious concerning the types and fit of clothing they wear. Gentlemen who learn to do this well look great.

tall women sexy 01

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Infinite Possibility

What is possible? Have you ever come up with a great idea or had
a dream and killed it before it even had a chance to see the
light of day? It seems that before we even give our dreams a
chance, we often throw in a reality check and immediately ask -
is that really possible? Whether it is a quick gut check out of
fear or our limiting beliefs speaking, it seems the safe way out
and a way to maintain the status quo. I am certain that a
million great personal and professional journeys get stopped
right at this question.

What would our world be like today if people like Thomas Edison,
Louis Pasteur, or Marie Curie asked themselves that question and
just gave up? What if all the legendary artists and musicians
compromised or listened to some authority figure telling them to
“get a real job”?

Summer is a great time for kicking back and relaxing. It is also
a fabulous time to find inspiration because when we take a
little time to “play” our best ideas come to us. So, consider
these 2 inspiring observations on the idea of what is possible.

The Man in Yellow

Unless you have been living under a rock, you have at least
heard about Lance Armstrong’s comeback from cancer to win the
Tour de France an unprecedented 7 times in a row. As a cyclist
and fan, I’ve read and watched more than my share of Lance
related news and features. However, there are a few key points
that I think are worth pondering for a few moments as we look at
“what is possible”.

When Lance was diagnosed with metastasized cancer in 1996 as he
was emerging as a champion cyclist, all bets from the top
medical professionals in the land were that this guy had 30%
chance or less to survive yet alone return to his profession as
a cyclist. What if Lance looked at the odds and asked himself
“what is possible” and just gave up? It would have been easy
enough to do, but he didn’t even consider that as an option. He
set his mind and body on the singular focus of recovery and came
through beating all odds.

Well, that’s beating impossibility enough, isn’t it? Well, no,
it’s not; he may have beat cancer, but what about being a
competitive cyclist? Surely most people would consider the
question “what is possible” and then go find a desk job
somewhere. Nope. Not this man, he chose to ignore what was
possible and decided to create his own possibility.

But surely, it is not possible for this man to be competitive
yet alone win the toughest and most physically grueling bike
race on the planet (over 3000km in 20 days of racing with untold
meters of climbing). Well, the impossible must be possible
because on July 24, 2005 he won it for the 7th time in a row and
has dominated his sport like no other in the history of cycling.
Not only that but through his non-profit foundation he directly
impacts the lives of many in the cancer community while pushing
the scientific community to take research to a new level.

Be strong. Pain is temporary but quitting lasts forever. – Lance
Armstrong

Besides the belief that it is possible, the ability to carry on
and not quit even when things look bleak makes all the
difference in defining what truly is possible. While life offers
no guarantees, belief, attitude, and hard work most certainly up
your odds and bring the impossible closer to possible. For
millions of people, especially those affected by cancer, this
man has redefined the realm of possibility.

Some Flightless Waterfowl

What would a bunch of penguins have to do with defining
possibility? I mean, really they are birds and cannot even fly!

Well, I recently went to see the most remarkable documentary
movie March of the Penguins. It is an unforgettable tale of
love, determination, and the seemingly impossible existence of
the emperor penguin.

Each winter, in the coldest, most inhospitable climate on the
planet, Antarctica, the emperor penguins begin a journey they
have taken for millions of years. While I couldn’t begin to do
the tale justice, the bottom line is these creatures walk
hundreds of miles in sub-freezing temperatures, go without food
for months, and risk their lives daily all for the singular
focus of bringing forth new life.

Now I know these penguins are not sitting around the iceberg
eating fishes and analyzing the intellectual possibility and
probability of this journey. But, you just have to say, after
watching the film, how the heck is that possible? Was Mother
Nature off her rocker the day she designed this? Well, maybe
it’s because the penguins don’t ask, they just do what they need
to in order to live and thrive and that is what makes the
impossible possible.

What’s Possible for You?

While these little examples exemplify the notion of “impossible
made possible”, my hunch is that you see examples like these,
feel a huge sense of inspiration, but often take not another
step forward because you think – but it’s not possible for me.

So, this month, do a little mid-year exploration of your goals
and dreams. What has been stopping you from taking that first
step? Has it been the “is it possible” question?

If so, take a few minutes to explore things from the belief that
possibility is infinite. From the vantage point of knowing
anything truly is possible, ask yourself, “What will I do
different today, tomorrow, and in the future to make my dreams a
reality”? Spend some time journaling or brainstorming about it
and create your own new realm of possibility.

American free runners match skills against the climbing king of India. Watch Is It Possible? Wednesdays at 10pm ET go.discovery.com
Video Rating: 4 / 5

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Black Country T-shirts – How it All Began!

If you’ve seen people walking around areas like Dudley, Wolverhampton, Stourbridge, Tipton and Cradley Heath wearing t-shirts printed with words such as “Yow Cor Spake Propa”, “Ar Bay A Brummie, I’m from the Black Country”, and “You’m Avin a Loff”, then you probably wondered where they got them from.

Well, they’re from a website called TeetShirts – if you go to Google and search for them, you’ll find them straight away. There’s also a link at the bottom of this article to take you there.

TeetShirts was started in 2007 by a pair of schoolfriends Warren Smith and Steve Pitts. They were sat in their local pub one evening, talking about what they wanted to do with their lives, and then suddenly the idea of Black Country T-Shirts came to them. T-Shirts printed with slogans showing pride in the Black Country…. they quickly set up a shop and it took off in a big way, and very quickly.

As well as selling t-shirts bearing Black Country slogans, they also make t-shirts for stag and hen parties, staff uniforms, and birthdays & holidays. Whatever you need printed on a t-shirt, they can do!

The guys have also been featured on national radio and local television thanks to their Black Country Alphabet song, with a video featuring t-shirts with slogans such as “B is for Nana”, “H is for Oss”, “P is for Tateer” and “U is for Um”.

So, if you’re looking for an original gift idea, why not grab a Black Country T-shirt from TeetShirts!

Pearl Jam “Black”
Video Rating: 4 / 5

Simple Payday Loans: an Easy Way to Get Loan

In today’s world the whole market is flooded with lots of loans. Today the people are confusing that what type of loan, they should take. Simple Payday loans are a new idea in loans. Simple Payday loans are based on the concept of getting a small loan for emergency expenses until the next payday when the loan is paid back. Emergencies can occur any time without any warning.  Simple payday loans are quick loans that are designed to meet the emergency financial needs of a person. There is no need of your credit history to qualify for simple payday loans. You can apply for simple payday loans either you have good credit history or bad credit history. Simple payday loans are unsecured in nature. Simple payday loans are short term loans.  Simple Payday loans are the wave of the future. Simple Payday loans are advanced without any credit check simply to be prompt enough in processing. Simple Payday loans take some of the hassle out of getting fast cash. Simple Payday loans can really save your time and energy. With the help of Simple payday loans you can get cash next business day. In other words we can say that simple payday loans set your financial condition on a right track.

Simple payday loans can be available for a shorter period generally two weeks but this period can also be extended by making at least the minimum amount owed on the cash advance.  Simple Payday loans are basically unsecured in nature. You don’t need to place any collateral in order to avail Simple payday loans. With Simple payday loans you can avail an amount that ranges from £200 to £1500. The repayment duration of Simple payday loans is short and ranges from 2 weeks to a month at maximum. Simple payday loans carry a higher interest rate compared to other loans, but you can avail Simple payday loans at competitive interest rate due to the tight competition in the market.

 Simple Payday loans are offered only to people above 18 years of age, a regular employee of any private and Government Company and earning a fixed monthly salary. He should also be having a checking account in a bank.

How to Start an Internet Marketing Business – 3 Peoples’ Stories Will Surprise You

When it comes to how to start an internet marketing business, many people make mistakes when choosing the right business model to follow. When you read how other people started an internet making business, you will probably get a spark of inspiration that will show you how to start an internet business in no time.

The first person learnt how to start an internet based business by copying someone on eBay. He registered on eBay and saw public domain movies been sold. From what he saw about the product, he knew the owner was making real hard cash. He decided to learn how to start an internet marketing business by studying all about how to sell on eBay and public domains movies. It took him three days to learn all that.

He joined some public domain websites and got some movies which he then repackaged and sold on eBay. He chose eBay because it already had millions of daily visits from people worldwide. He was shocked to make some money the following day. The morale of this is that you can learn how to start an internet marketing business by strictly copying what someone else is already doing. You must choose a single business idea first.

The second person learnt how to start internet business by getting an expert to guide him. He was lucky to buy an ebook from an expert who taught people how to start an internet marketing business, and who also gave personal support until the business was established.

It involved making money selling other peoples’ products through affiliate programs. His ‘how to start an internet business’ approach involves doing market research, keyword research, buying a domain name, getting web hosting, installing a blog, selecting affiliate programs, monetizing your blog website with affiliate programs and Google AdSense.

After that, he learnt solid methods of making people to find his website. He made over two thousand dollars his first month. The morale of this is that it is best to invest some money on how to start an internet marketing business on a product that works, especially if there is ongoing support when you get stuck.

The third person learnt how to start a business on the internet by writing for others. She wrote articles for webmasters and companies who paid people that wrote quality articles for cash. She basically learnt how to start an internet marketing business by providing article writing services. She got an article writing product that gave the blueprints of how to write quality 500-word articles in thirty minutes, and that had a list of companies that pay daily for articles. When she had made enough cash, she went on to study other kinds of online marketing business.

The morale of this is that you can learn how to start an internet marketing business by writing articles for companies who will pay you daily for articles, especially if you know how to write articles that will guarantee that you get paid daily. You don’t have to look for customers, and you don’t even need to panic whether you know how to write or not. Everything should be there in one single product.

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The Challenges of Boys Into Men

Is Life Only A Carrousel?
The ultimate challenge of life is being born a boy. From the beginning there are all kinds of annotations that a boy has to overcome, like right out of the womb there is, “Snakes and snails and puppy dog tails, that’s what little boys are made of.” It must have been a woman to hung such a label on a little boy. Puppy dog tails, my word, don’t they know they have possibly scared the very core of every boy alive? Well anyway, it’s all a bunch of hogwash because boys are the future leaders and defenders of the family and all that it stands for, well anyway that’s what the girls let them think.

Horse play is to be expected.
It’s true that when boys are boys a certain amount of horse play is expected but it’s all the good accounting of boyhood. There is a time, just before a boy becomes a man where he may become a little mischievous, he can’t help it, it’s in his nature. How can you enjoy being a boy if you don’t stir things up a little or at least keep the people around you guessing at what you’re going to do next.  And what the heck, why not? How can a boy experience boyhood without being a boy?  It’s the nature of the beast! 

The girls will tame them in time.
The girls and mothers of the world may attempt to tame the boys but it is to no avail for boys are quite untamable. Their wondering minds seek adventure for the pure excitement in it. It doesn’t mean it has to make sense, it just has to get the adrenaline flowing. Quite frankly boyish things lead to manly accomplishments. Where else are you going to get on-the-job-training for manhood? To the ladies it may seem quite disturbing but deep down they love the wickedness in the boys. It’s a tradition after all, set forth by those adventurous boys of the past, a  legacy that must be upheld, you know, king of the hill, leader of the pack and all that sort of thing.  

Boys may be wild and smelly but they are always up for the challenge. Believe it or not they are not born to disrupt the whole of society or to aggravate female’s lives, they do have a more challenging part to play. Boys who cross into men become the pillars of the community, the heads of the family and the captain’s of industry. Make no mistake, the most prominent of men are still little boys . . . underneath.

Boys keep trying to be free.
There are time when the strength of men becomes challenged like when looking straight into the eyes of a gorgeous woman, all good sense goes to the knee as they get all rubbery and a shortness of breath sets the mind into a query. The mind reverts to, “me man, you woman” stupid mentality. Men can’t help it, when women comes around they simply melt into a blob of jelly. 

Of course a boy would not be a boy if he could not figure a way around the worst of situations. As a man he is stern and powerful, to women he is a puppy dog and masseur of the feet. All men know women love puppy dogs and having their feet massaged so men use these weaknesses to, yes get around sticky situations.

No use it’s doom for the boys
Alas the man becomes caught in the middle, King of the boardroom, lamb of the bedroom the twist of life is unsettling at very least. Confusion sets in and the man begins to flounder. Just a little at first, like a small earthquake, hardly noticeable then, bam the big one hits. One day he wakes up and he is only a shell of a man and his foundation has been shaken into little pieces. He no longer thinks for himself, his adventurous spirit is subdued and age has taken its toll. The kids are grown and silence has taken their place. A belly is drooping over his belt and he feels more lost than ever. He has a hard time now, holding his head up, for pride left him years ago.

He sees the young boy in the park and weeps for his future. There will be good times as well as bad and time will march on without pity for those left behind. He longs to be a boy again but society says no, you must be responsible and conform to the rules. He is sad, sad for the things he never got around to doing and letting time slip by unnoticed.

Keep trying, someone might hear you.
We are all on the same road, like it or not. Ninety percent of men will not pay attention to opportunities as they pass by and will float through life on a cloud. Ten percent will not be satisfied until they have changed the world to fill their desires. Which are you?

Happy Trails         

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Lagos an Overpopulated State: a Case of Continous Spatial Restructuring and Interaction

LAGOS

Introduction

Lagos State was created on May 27, 1967 by virtue of State (Creation and Transitional Provisions) Decree No. 14 of 1967, which restructured Nigeria’s Federation into 12 states. Prior to this, Lagos Municipality had been administered by the Federal Government through the Federal Ministry of Lagos Affairs as the regional authority, while the Lagos City Council (LCC) governed the City of Lagos. Equally, the metropolitan areas (Colony Province) of Ikeja, Agege, Mushin, Ikorodu, Epe and Badagry were administered by the Western Region.

Lagos state is located in latitude 6035’N, and Longitude 3045’E . with a population of over 14million people but official 2006 census suggest that Lagos population is 9,013,534. The main urban centres in the State are Badagry, Epe, Ikorodu, Ikeja and Lagos. The urbanisation process that has taken place in Lagos has been of such significance in the State and in Nigeria as a whole that it should receive special attention.

Although not European in origin, Lagos represents most spectacularly one of that class of Nigerian cities whose growth and development have been significantly shaped by European influ ences. Starting from a small settlement made by the Awori (a subgroup of the Yorubas), first at EbuteMetta and later (for defence reasons) at iddo, probably in the early part of the 17th century, the settlement of Lagos existed rather quietly up to the end of the 18th century.

Lagos has witness continous restructuting due to increased population. Therefore the paper focus on the various demenssion of spatial restructuring that have occurred , the reasons or what informed such restructuring , the effect and possible solution.

Overpopulation is a condition when an organism’s numbers exceed the carrying capacity of its ecological niche. In common parlance, the term usually refers to the relationship between the human population and its environment, the Earth.

Overpopulation is not simply a function of the size or density of the population. Overpopulation can be determined using the ratio of population to available resources

2.0 SPATIAL RESTRUCTURING

Perhaps before we look at spatial restructuring which is a funstion of economic geography and change we should define economic geography which is the study the (locational, organizational and behavioral) principles and processes associated with the spatial allocation of scarce (human, man-made and natural) resources (which are also distributed spatially) and the spatial patterns and (direct and indirect, social, environmental and economic) consequences resulting from such allocations.”

Spatial restructuring is a concept that talks about change in spatial structure i.e. Change in spatial distribution e.g. population densities, Change in spatial interaction pattern, e.g. migration patterns) and Regional economic development: e.g. Changes in income, employment, human welfare, quality of life. And the factors are related to

• Locational (dis-)advantages & locational change,

• Spatial interaction stimuli and

• Economic development conditions & events:

e.g.

• Natural resource endowment,

• Human resources (skills, education),

• Employment structure,

• Organizational, institutional & political factors,

• Access to capital, technology & entrepreneurship,

• Trade, migration (e.g. “brain gain” or “brain drain”)

The two dimension to the spatial restructuring of lagos are Population and structural change.

2.1 POPULATION CHANGE

Population change is the growth or decline in population over time, and can be quantified as the change in the number of individuals in a population per unit time. The term population change can technically refer to any species, but almost always refers to humans, and it is often used informally for the more specific demographic term population change rate.

Growth rate= (+)/ population

Going by all indication that would be presented later on there has been population growth in lagos state due to so many factors known as the pull factors, A pull factor is a feature or event that attracts a person to move to another area, and they include:

1. More or better services in that area : it is a general notion that lagos state provides the best service interms of social, and economic activities, in otherwords Lagos is bothe the social and economic nerve of Nigeria, and as such people tend to move into Lagos to enjoy these dervices provided by the state but it should be noted that other emerging cities are Porth-harcourt, Calabar, Warri and Abuja the capital city.

2. Higher standards of living

3. Higher income

4. Peace (absence of civil strife or warfare): lagos is regarded as a No-Man-Land although this statement is not True as the original Inhabitant of Lagos known as the indegenes are still present but the statement is born out of the relatively peacefull nature of lagos compared to other area where u have religious crisis, ethnic crisis, fight for succession etc. everybody for his/her self.

5. Better behavior among the people (lower crime rates and higher moral standards) : this is fact is as stated above

6. More desirable climate: this is one of the factor the ajudge to the norteheners migrants where there climate is relatively harsh.

7. Immediate distance from family problems: sure when people move away from the villages in Nigeria, they are disconnected from there immediate family but the idea of social network in Africa comes in later on and as such it does not exist for long.

8. Economic stability and less risk of loss of wealth

9. Cultural diversity: Lagos is a home for every body, people from different background, culturally and economically are found in Lagos and as such gives room for sociall and cultural in tegration.

10. Religious or political tolerance (living in a more liberal or less repressive state or country) : a sure bet in Lagos state because both Muslims and Christians are found there and it gives room for every one to practice his/her rligion without fear or favour.

Lagos state been filled with an migrants from almost all the state in Nigeria in search for employment due to it commercial nature; Ajegunle is an area in Lagos, Located in the North-eastern flank of Lagos State the former administrative and commercial city in Nigeria in Ajeromi/Ifelodun Local Government Area/Post Express 1998: Appendix 7) Majority of the migrants provided labour for the industries in Lagos until the economic decline in the 80*s due to the crash in global oil prices. These area did not have a comprehensive planning, rather it was a product of a spontaneous urban sprawl of that time. Human settlements in the area could be traced back into the 50*s as Lagos became s strategic commercial city in the West African sub-region. This are in Lagos has suffered severe social exclusion from the socio-economic life of the city of Lagos. The residents in Lagos Ajegunle area were spurred under these circumstances to develop an informal means of interaction considering the fact that they all faced the problem of socio-economic and ecological decline. Crime was very high, building designs very defective no waste management policy, social life was virtually limited within residents and they were more isolated from the rest of the society. All these causes ageing population and environmental degradation. Population growth as it has been define be as a result of increased birth rate, decrease mortality, and increased immigration.

2.2 STRUCTURE CHANGE

Population, Structure and Distribution: Estimates by the United Nations and the Lagos State Regional Master Plan put the state’s current population at about 10.6 million inhabitants. However, the 1991 census of Nigeria puts the population of Lagos State at 5,685,781 or 6.42 per cent of the national total.

The figure still makes Lagos State the most populous state in the Federation. With its area of 3,577 sq. km. the smallest in the country, the state’s population density of 1,590 persons per sq. km. is therefore high. The density value for builtup metropolitan Lagos, estimated at 20,000 persons per sq. km. is even higher still. A 1988 estimate indicates that the population of Lagos State had been growing at an annual rate of 8 percent in the urban areas and 3 percent in the rural areas.

Obviously, the urban growth rate has been enhanced by inmigration. However, in view of the movement of the Federal Government to Abuja in December 1991, the growth rates are like ly to have begun to decrease, or to increase at a decreasing rate.

The most populous LGA in the state is Ojo with 17.8 percent of the 1991 population, closely followed by Mushin together with Oshodi/lsolo (17.4 percent) and Lagos Mainland/Surulere (15.3 percent). While the least populated LGA is IbejuLekki (0.4. per cent); the other LGAs occupy various positions in between.

Urbanisation and Human Settlement System: The main urban centres in the State are Badagry, Epe, Ikorodu, Ikeja and Lagos. The urbanisation process that has taken place in Lagos has been of such significance in the State and in Nigeria as a whole that it should receive special attention.

Although not European in origin, Lagos represents most spectacularly one of that class of Nigerian cities whose growth and development have been significantly shaped by European influ ences. Starting from a small settlement made by the Awori (a subgroup of the Yorubas), first at EbuteMetta and later (for defence reasons) at iddo, probably in the early part of the 17th century, the settlement of Lagos existed rather quietly up to the end of the 18th century.

From 1821 onwards, it became an important slave port on the West African coast. Important turning points in the subsequent growth of Lagos include the bombardment of the city by the British in 1851, with the purpose of ousting the slavetrade inclined King Kosoko and restoring Akintoye as King of Lagos; the resulting aban donment of the city by the civilian population and the slow growth thereafter; the formal cession of Lagos as a Colony to Britain in 1861; and the sub sequent establishment of regular government and administration of justice.

Then followed piecemeal addition of hinterland areas to ensure political and commercial stability; the subsequent growth in com merce and the development of communications cuminating in the founding of the Lagos Chambers of Commerce in 1897. The construction of the railway started in 1895 and harbour improvement followed (19081917). The volume of trade has continued to grow over the years.

Subsequently, various public programmes relating to industrial development, swamp reclamation and mosquito campaigns, pipe borne water, transportation facilities, commercial activities and the city’s increasing functions as the capital of the Federation accelerated the growth of Lagos into the greatest single concentration of skills and disposable income in the country. By 1963, the city (the Municipality of Lagos), made up of such components as Lagos Island, Lagos Mainland, Ikoyi and Victoria Island, Apapa and other areas had an official population figure of 665,246.

However, the geographic city beyond the boundaries of the Municipality was much larger. The spectacular road development works since the 1970s (the construction of the Eko Bridge, the reconstruction of Ikorodu Road into a 10lane dual carriage way, the construction of the Third Mainland Bridge, the ApapaOworonshoki Expressway, the LagosBadagry Expressway, the Abeokuta Expressway, the Victoria lslandEpe road as well as the interconnecting roads that link them into elabo rate circumferential route ways and circulation paths have been both responses to and catalysts of the explosive growth of metropolitan Lagos.

The process of urbanisation still continues in Lagos and with it comes various problems concern ing administration, land acquisition, housing and rents, sanitation, transportation, water supply and crime. These issues are brought to the attention of the public continually through the news media, and they remain endemic subjects of governmental pol icy and programmes.

The settlement system in Lagos state is obvi ously dominated by metropolitan Lagos which incorporates not less than 16 of the 20 local government areas (LGAs): Agege, Ajeromilfelodun, AmuwoOdofin, Alimosho, Apapa, EtiOsa, lfako ljaye, Ikeja, Kosofe, Lagos Island, Lagos Mainland, Mushin, Oshodilsolo, Somolu, Surulere and part of Ojo.

In each of the four remaining LGAs, there is typically a focal town surrounded by numerous lowerorder settlements and village communities. In Badagry LGA, the focal town is the ancient settlement of Badagry which was a major slave out post in precolonial times and is reputed as being the first place in Nigeria where Christianity was preached in 1842.

There are about 120 other com munities and villages in the LGA including Ajara, Topo, Panko, Akarakumo, Aseri, Egun and others. The situation in Epe LGA is similar, the focal town being Epe. The other settlements are about 311, including Agbowalkosi, ltoiki, Ejirin, Onisawasawa, Ubuja, lpabodo and numerous others.

IbejuLekki LGA has as the main town, not the local govern ment headquarters which is Akodo but a more developed small town, Ibeju. Distributed irregularly around and between these two are about 153 other village communities, including Lekki, Magbon Alade and others. Finally, Ikorodu LGA has as its focal town the local government headquarters, Ikorodu, which is a veritable commercial city in its own right.

Being the location of the transmitters for the Federal Radio Corporation of Nigeria, the Voice of Nigeria and Lagos State Broadcasting Corporation (Radio and Television), it is an important communication centre as well as a major gate way to the country’s hinterland.

There are about 260 other settlements in the LGA, including lgbogbo, Imota, Maya, Baiyeku, ljede, Majidun, Ajegunie, Agbede, Aguru, Odugunyan and others. These four LGAs Badagry, Epe, IbejuLekki and Ikorodu contain virtually the totality of rural areas in Lagos State.

Table 1.0

Population Growth Rate

Year 1975 1999 2000 2015 1999-2000 2000-2015

Pop/million 3.3 12.8 13.4 23.2 5.6 3.7

United Nations population division(1999)

Table 2.0 PLACES IN LAGOS STATE

Name What Region Country Lat Long Elev Ft. Pop Est

Abagbo

city Lagos State Nigeria 6.4083333 3.3822222 114 115628

Abekkun

city Lagos State Nigeria 6.4083333 3.3822222 114 115628

Abule Ijesha

city Lagos State Nigeria 6.5247222 3.3863889 121 774734

Abule-Nla

city Lagos State Nigeria 6.4830556 3.3741667 118 580705

Adeleye

city Lagos State Nigeria 6.6147222 3.2655556 144 553058

Agala

city Lagos State Nigeria 6.4152778 3.3694444 114 73624

Agani

city Lagos State Nigeria 6.4833333 3.35 118 580705

Aganni

city Lagos State Nigeria 6.4833333 3.35 118 580705

Agbede

city Lagos State Nigeria 6.6688889 3.4897222 160 259436

Agbelekale

city Lagos State Nigeria 6.6402778 3.2869444 147 722763

Agboju

city Lagos State Nigeria 6.4577778 3.2875 118 5177

Agboyi

city Lagos State Nigeria 6.5786111 3.4108333 121 929196

Agege

city Lagos State Nigeria 6.6219444 3.3258333 137 751549

Agidingbi

city Lagos State Nigeria 6.6236111 3.3536111 137 931774

Aguda

city Lagos State Nigeria 6.6347222 3.3544444 137 1032556

Agun

city Lagos State Nigeria 6.6044444 3.2705556 144 553058

Aiyetoro

city Lagos State Nigeria 6.4591667 3.3425 118 580705

Aiyetoto-Asogun

city Lagos State Nigeria 6.4538889 3.2511111 118 5177

Ajegunle

city Lagos State Nigeria 6.6061111 3.2825 141 553058

Ajegunle

city Lagos State Nigeria 6.4488889 3.3369444 114 247815

Akangba

city Lagos State Nigeria 6.5 3.35 118 580705

Akinogun

city Lagos State Nigeria 6.6 3.2833333 141 553058

Akinyele

city Lagos State Nigeria 6.6066667 3.2644444 144 553058

Akowonjo

city Lagos State Nigeria 6.6122222 3.3147222 137 751549

Alagba

city Lagos State Nigeria 6.62 3.3022222 141 751549

Alagbede

city Lagos State Nigeria 6.4833333 3.3666667 118 580705

Alaguntan

city Lagos State Nigeria 6.4219444 3.4925 121 113728

Alaiyabiagba

city Lagos State Nigeria 6.45 3.3333333 114 106257

Alapako

city Lagos State Nigeria 6.4497222 3.2936111 118 106257

Alasia

city Lagos State Nigeria 6.4333333 3.4 114 245287

Aliayabiagba

city Lagos State Nigeria 6.45 3.3333333 114 106257

Alimosho

city Lagos State Nigeria 6.6108333 3.2961111 141 751549

Alimoso

city Lagos State Nigeria 6.6108333 3.2961111 141 751549

Amuwo

city Lagos State Nigeria 6.4730556 3.2980556 118 307463

Animashawun

city Lagos State Nigeria 6.4833333 3.35 118 580705

Animshaun

city Lagos State Nigeria 6.4833333 3.35 118 580705

Apapa

city Lagos State Nigeria 6.4455556 3.3591667 114 247815

Apapa

city Lagos State Nigeria 6.4333333 3.4166667 118 156357

Apapa Eleko

city Lagos State Nigeria 6.4333333 3.4166667 118 156357

Aqani

city Lagos State Nigeria 6.4833333 3.35 118 580705

Arida

city Lagos State Nigeria 6.5611111 3.2694444 134 352691

Asipa

city Lagos State Nigeria 6.5827778 3.2552778 137 352691

Atan

city Lagos State Nigeria 6.5994444 3.2522222 141 553058

Awja-Ikoradu

city Lagos State Nigeria 6.6027778 3.4911111 127 808742

Badagri

city Lagos State Nigeria 6.4166667 2.8833333 118 23583

Badagry

city Lagos State Nigeria 6.4166667 2.8833333 118 23583

Bamgbose

city Lagos State Nigeria 6.45 3.45 118 156357

Bamgboshe

city Lagos State Nigeria 6.45 3.45 118 156357

Bariga

city Lagos State Nigeria 6.535 3.3947222 121 774734

Baruwa

city Lagos State Nigeria 6.6033333 3.2725 141 553058

Bassa

city Lagos State Nigeria 6.4241667 3.2558333 114 5177

Beshi

city Lagos State Nigeria 6.4122222 3.2561111 114 0

Beshi

city Lagos State Nigeria 6.5530556 3.4741667 124 623381

Bolorunpelu

city Lagos State Nigeria 6.5452778 3.2730556 131 352691

Cardoso

city Lagos State Nigeria 6.5827778 3.2686111 137 352691

Coker

city Lagos State Nigeria 6.4738889 3.3311111 118 307463

Coker

city Lagos State Nigeria 6.6402778 3.3313889 141 1048141

Ebute Ikorodu

city Lagos State Nigeria 6.6027778 3.4911111 127 808742

Ebute-Egga

city Lagos State Nigeria 6.6027778 3.4911111 127 808742

Ebute-Metta

city Lagos State Nigeria 6.4897222 3.3844444 118 591962

Egba

city Lagos State Nigeria 6.6475 3.3030556 147 1048141

Egbe

city Lagos State Nigeria 6.5438889 3.2797222 127 352691

Ejigbo

city Lagos State Nigeria 6.5522222 3.3072222 127 449144

Eko

city Lagos State Nigeria 6.4530556 3.3958333 114 245287

Ekoro

city Lagos State Nigeria 6.6452778 3.2908333 147 722763

Elachi

city Lagos State Nigeria 6.4147222 3.2838889 114 0

Eregun

city Lagos State Nigeria 6.6008333 3.3644444 131 931774

Erukan

city Lagos State Nigeria 6.6061111 3.3961111 127 1111094

Erunkan

city Lagos State Nigeria 6.6061111 3.3961111 127 1111094

Ewu

city Lagos State Nigeria 6.5591667 3.3233333 127 449144

Fatade

city Lagos State Nigeria 6.5980556 3.2677778 141 553058

Gbesse

city Lagos State Nigeria 6.5530556 3.4741667 124 623381

George

city Lagos State Nigeria 6.6286111 3.3480556 137 1032556

Hausa

city Lagos State Nigeria 6.6108333 3.3561111 134 931774

Ibasa

city Lagos State Nigeria 6.4241667 3.2558333 114 5177

Ibasha

city Lagos State Nigeria 6.4241667 3.2558333 114 5177

Ibese

city Lagos State Nigeria 6.4122222 3.2561111 114 0

Ibese

city Lagos State Nigeria 6.5530556 3.4741667 124 623381

Ibeshe

city Lagos State Nigeria 6.4122222 3.2561111 114 0

Ibeshe

city Lagos State Nigeria 6.5530556 3.4741667 124 623381

Ibeshi

city Lagos State Nigeria 6.5530556 3.4741667 124 623381

Iddo

city Lagos State Nigeria 6.4697222 3.3802778 114 591962

Idi Oro

city Lagos State Nigeria 6.5225 3.36 121 730396

Idimi

city Lagos State Nigeria 6.5719444 3.2844444 137 352691

Idimu

city Lagos State Nigeria 6.5719444 3.2844444 137 352691

Idowu

city Lagos State Nigeria 6.5747222 3.2591667 137 352691

Ifako

city Lagos State Nigeria 6.6436111 3.3288889 141 1048141

Igando

city Lagos State Nigeria 6.55 3.25 134 352691

Iganmu

city Lagos State Nigeria 6.4844444 3.3658333 118 580705

Iganmu Siding

city Lagos State Nigeria 6.4844444 3.3658333 118 580705

Igbo Ejo

city Lagos State Nigeria 6.4241667 3.3541667 114 247815

Igbobi

city Lagos State Nigeria 6.5225 3.3716667 121 730396

Igbogila

city Lagos State Nigeria 6.6072222 3.2588889 144 553058

Igbologun

city Lagos State Nigeria 6.4183333 3.3319444 114 106257

Ijaiye

city Lagos State Nigeria 6.6644444 3.2872222 150 722763

Ijaiye

city Lagos State Nigeria 6.6327778 3.3413889 137 1032556

Ijegun

city Lagos State Nigeria 6.5172222 3.2566667 127 175581

Ijero

city Lagos State Nigeria 6.4819444 3.3802778 118 591962

Ijesa-Tedo

city Lagos State Nigeria 6.4944444 3.3266667 118 307463

Ijora

city Lagos State Nigeria 6.4663889 3.3766667 118 591962

Iju

city Lagos State Nigeria 6.675 3.3327778 147 739466

Iju Junction

city Lagos State Nigeria 6.66 3.3222222 144 1048141

Iju Water Works

city Lagos State Nigeria 6.675 3.3327778 147 739466

Ikeja

city Lagos State Nigeria 6.5966667 3.3430556 134 931774

Ikotan

city Lagos State Nigeria 6.5458333 3.2677778 131 352691

Ikotun

city Lagos State Nigeria 6.5458333 3.2677778 131 352691

Ikoyi

city Lagos State Nigeria 6.4530556 3.4355556 118 156357

Ikuata

city Lagos State Nigeria 6.4155556 3.3652778 114 73624

Ilasa

city Lagos State Nigeria 6.4147222 3.2838889 114 0

Ilashe

city Lagos State Nigeria 6.4147222 3.2838889 114 0

Ilemere

city Lagos State Nigeria 6.5411111 3.4855556 124 370874

Imore

city Lagos State Nigeria 6.4241667 3.2830556 114 5177

Inogbe

city Lagos State Nigeria 6.4083333 3.3466667 114 73624

Ipaja

city Lagos State Nigeria 6.6105556 3.2558333 144 553058

Iponri

city Lagos State Nigeria 6.4875 3.3661111 118 580705

Isagatedo

city Lagos State Nigeria 6.5266667 3.3258333 124 420843

Isasi

city Lagos State Nigeria 6.6688889 3.3783333 137 433417

Isasi

city Lagos State Nigeria 6.5508333 3.4755556 124 623381

Iseri-Osun

city Lagos State Nigeria 6.5188889 3.2777778 124 175581

Ishaga

city Lagos State Nigeria 6.5266667 3.3258333 124 420843

Isheri-Olofin

city Lagos State Nigeria 6.5752778 3.2813889 137 352691

Ishersi

city Lagos State Nigeria 6.6688889 3.3783333 137 433417

Isolo

city Lagos State Nigeria 6.5316667 3.3230556 124 420843

Isunba

city Lagos State Nigeria 6.4425 3.2866667 114 5177

Itire

city Lagos State Nigeria 6.5083333 3.3422222 121 730396

Iwaya

city Lagos State Nigeria 6.5041667 3.3919444 118 774734

Jibowu

city Lagos State Nigeria 6.6594444 3.2986111 150 1048141

Kirikiri

city Lagos State Nigeria 6.4425 3.3102778 114 106257

Lagos

city Lagos State Nigeria 6.4530556 3.3958333 114 245287

Lashe

city Lagos State Nigeria 6.4147222 3.2838889 114 0

Libowu

city Lagos State Nigeria 6.6594444 3.2986111 150 1048141

Logos

city Lagos State Nigeria 6.4530556 3.3958333 114 245287

Magbon

city Lagos State Nigeria 6.6255556 3.3141667 141 1048141

Makoko

city Lagos State Nigeria 6.4961111 3.3877778 118 591962

Makoko

city Lagos State Nigeria 6.4288889 3.4552778 118 156357

Maroko

city Lagos State Nigeria 6.4288889 3.4552778 118 156357

Maryland

city Lagos State Nigeria 6.5711111 3.3716667 127 822372

Meran

city Lagos State Nigeria 6.6352778 3.2697222 147 722763

Moba

city Lagos State Nigeria 6.4505556 3.4708333 118 113728

Mobba

city Lagos State Nigeria 6.4505556 3.4708333 118 113728

Mofoluku

city Lagos State Nigeria 6.555 3.3333333 127 449144

Mosan

city Lagos State Nigeria 6.6119444 3.2772222 144 553058

Mushin

city Lagos State Nigeria 6.5291667 3.355 121 730396

Mushin Halt

city Lagos State Nigeria 6.5291667 3.355 121 730396

New Lagos

city Lagos State Nigeria 6.5027778 3.3641667 118 730396

Obalende

city Lagos State Nigeria 6.4469444 3.4152778 114 245287

Obanikoro

city Lagos State Nigeria 6.5472222 3.3702778 124 822372

Oduwole

city Lagos State Nigeria 6.5894444 3.2805556 137 553058

Ogogoro

city Lagos State Nigeria 6.4291667 3.3977778 114 245287

Ogoyo

city Lagos State Nigeria 6.435 3.4877778 121 113728

Ogudu

city Lagos State Nigeria 6.5713889 3.3963889 124 929196

Ogunlogun

city Lagos State Nigeria 6.6819444 3.4680556 150 259436

Ojota

city Lagos State Nigeria 6.5877778 3.3822222 127 1111094

Oke Ira

city Lagos State Nigeria 6.4925 3.3708333 118 580705

Oke Ogbe

city Lagos State Nigeria 6.4083333 3.3822222 114 115628

Okepa

city Lagos State Nigeria 6.4530556 3.4355556 118 156357

Oko Agbo

city Lagos State Nigeria 6.4083333 3.3822222 114 115628

Okun-Ibese

city Lagos State Nigeria 6.4061111 3.2608333 114 0

Okunola

city Lagos State Nigeria 6.5952778 3.2858333 137 553058

Olowoira

city Lagos State Nigeria 6.6294444 3.3738889 134 1032556

Olute

city Lagos State Nigeria 6.4555556 3.2733333 118 5177

Oluwa

city Lagos State Nigeria 6.4263889 3.3583333 114 247815

Omole

city Lagos State Nigeria 6.6391667 3.3566667 137 1032556

Ondotedo

city Lagos State Nigeria 6.415 3.3561111 114 73624

Onigbokun

city Lagos State Nigeria 6.4141667 3.3436111 114 73624

Onigbongbo

city Lagos State Nigeria 6.5708333 3.365 127 822372

Onike

city Lagos State Nigeria 6.5066667 3.3841667 118 774734

Onikosi

city Lagos State Nigeria 6.6005556 3.3836111 127 1111094

Onisigun

city Lagos State Nigeria 6.6013889 3.3913889 127 1111094

Onitiri

city Lagos State Nigeria 6.5116667 3.3841667 118 774734

Opamore

city Lagos State Nigeria 6.5858333 3.3813889 127 1111094

Orile Oshodi

city Lagos State Nigeria 6.555 3.3436111 127 822372

Oruba

city Lagos State Nigeria 6.5786111 3.4108333 121 929196

Oruba Agboyi

city Lagos State Nigeria 6.5786111 3.4108333 121 929196

Oshodi

city Lagos State Nigeria 6.5588889 3.3486111 124 822372

Oshosun

city Lagos State Nigeria 6.5891667 3.3738889 127 931774

Osorun

city Lagos State Nigeria 6.5522222 3.4855556 124 623381

Ososun

city Lagos State Nigeria 6.6005556 3.3836111 127 1111094

Oto

city Lagos State Nigeria 6.4725 3.3847222 118 591962

Oworonshoki

city Lagos State Nigeria 6.5477778 3.4066667 121 929196

Oworonsoki

city Lagos State Nigeria 6.5477778 3.4066667 121 929196

Sagisa

city Lagos State Nigeria 6.6130556 3.3736111 131 931774

Shogunle

city Lagos State Nigeria 6.5780556 3.3344444 127 822372

Shomolu

city Lagos State Nigeria 6.5402778 3.3716667 121 730396

Somolu

city Lagos State Nigeria 6.5402778 3.3716667 121 730396

Suru Lere

city Lagos State Nigeria 6.5091667 3.3580556 118 730396

Tamaro

city Lagos State Nigeria 6.4158333 3.3658333 114 73624

Tarkwa Bay

city Lagos State Nigeria 6.4027778 3.3941667 114 115628

Tarqua Bay

city Lagos State Nigeria 6.4027778 3.3941667 114 115628

Tatala

city Lagos State Nigeria 6.5091667 3.3855556 118 774734

Tinubu

city Lagos State Nigeria 6.5166667 3.3666667 121 730396

Wasimi Ojokoro

city Lagos State Nigeria 6.6622222 3.2952778 150 1048141

Yaba

city Lagos State Nigeria 6.4897222 3.3836111 118 591962

Source: Falling Rain Genomics, Inc.( 1996-2004)

The current data on shown below is an indication that there has been restructuring both population and structure change.

3.0 SPATIAL INTERACTION PERSPECTIVE IN LAGOS STATE.

Spatial interaction is the flow of products, people, services, or information among places, in response to localized supply and demand.

It is a transportation supply and demand relationship that is often expressed over a geographical space. Spatial interactions usually include a variety of movements such as travel, migration, transmission of information, journeys to work or shopping, retailing activities, or freight distribution.

Edward Ullman, perhaps the leading transportation geographer of the twentieth century, more formally addressed interaction as complementarity (a deficit of a good or product in one place and a surplus in another), transferability (possibility of transport of the good or product at a cost that the market will bear), and lack of intervening opportunities (where a similar good or product that is not available at a closer distance).

3.1 Complementarity

The first factor necessary for interaction to take pace is complementarity.

In order for trade to take place, there has to be a surplus of a desired product in one area and a shortage or demand for that same product in another area.

The greater the distance, between trip origin and trip destination, the less likelihood of a trip occurring and the lower the frequency of trips. An example of complementarity would be that you live in sango ota, Ogun state and want to go to silverbird Galleria in Lagos for vacation/ see a movie, which is located in Victoria Island, Lagos. In this example, the product of the journey is Victoria Island which is the destination while sango Ota is the source. In the same vein we have pwople moving from other part of Nigeria into lagos for various reason’s that have been mentioned above under the pull factor.

3.2 Transferability

The second factor necessary for interaction to take pace is transferability. In some cases, it is simply not feasible to transport certain goods (or people) a great distance because the transportation costs are too high in comparison to the price of the product.

In all other cases where the transportation costs are not out of line with price, we say that the product is transferable or that transferability exists.

This concept is totally in contrast to what happen in Lagos because long distance journey form the north where goods such as agricultural drosuce are transported to lagos for sale and eventual consumption, also people come from other areas like form the east and southern part for employment oppourtunities.

Using our Silverbird Galleriaand employment example, we need to know how many people are going, and the amount of time we have to do the trip (both travel time and time at the destination). If only one person is traveling to lagos state and they need to travel in the same day, then flying may be the most realistic option of transferability cost ranges between 7,000 – 15,0000 naira round-trip; however, most of them use road transport which will cost far lesser than the amount for air travel

As one can see, transferability can be accomplished by one of several different modes of transportation depending on the number of people, distance, the average cost to transport each person, and the time available for travel.

3.3 Lack of Intervening Opportunities

The third factor necessary for interaction to take place is the absence or lack of intervening opportunities. There may be a situation where complementarity exists between an area with a high demand for a product and several areas with a supply of that same product in excess of local demand.

In this particular case, the first area would be unlikely to trade with all three suppliers, but would instead trade with the supplier that was closest or least costly. In our example of the trip to lagos, “Is there any other destination identical to Victoria Island, providing an intervening opportunity between other states to lagos?” The obvious answer would be “no.” However, if the question was, “Is there any other area that will provide the same oppourtunity lagos provides for all comers in terms of education, economics and social life? The answer is NOI, similar to Lagos is may be Abuja, Port-Harcourth, Calabar, but not the same as Lagos, at least not to be compared to Lagos..

As you can see from this example, there are numerous factors that could affect complementarity, transferability, and lack of intervening opportunities

We have seen the cause / what will inform the spatial interaction with lagos and the spatial restructuring that has occurs let us look at the effect of these actions.

4.0 THE CONSEQUENCES OF RAPID POPULATION GROWTH

Rapid human population growth has a variety of consequences. Population grows fastest in the world’s poorest countries. High fertility rates have historically been strongly correlated with poverty, and high childhood mortality rates. Falling fertility rates are generally associated with improved standards of living, increased life expectancy, and lowered infant mortality. Overpopulation and poverty have long been associated with increased death, and disease. 25 People tightly packed into unsanitary housing are inordinately vulnerable to natural disasters and health problems which is a major in Lagos state.

However, most of the lagos 13million desperately poor people live in less developed areas. One in five lagos inhabitant reportedly lives below the country’s official poverty line The rapid expansion of population size observed since the days of the colonial masters has been a cause of various social vices.

Poverty is a condition of chronic deprivation and need at the family level. Poverty, is a major concern of humankind, because poverty everywhere reduces human beings to a low level of existence. Poor people lack access to enough land and income to meet basic needs. A lack of basic needs results in physical weak-ness and poor health. Poor health decreases the ability of the poor to work and put them deeper into poverty.

Instead of allowing poverty to persist, it is important to limit our number be-cause in dense populations too many lack adequate food, water, shelter, education and employment. High fertility, which has been traditionally associated with pros-perity, prestige, and security for the future, now jeopardizes chances for many to achieve health and security

Rich and poor cities alike are affected by population growth, though the population of industrial countries are growing more slowly than those of develop-ing one. At the present growth rates, the population of economically developed countries would double in 120 years. The Third World, with over three quarters of the world’s people, would double its numbers in about 33 years. This rapid dou-bling time reflects the fact that 37 percent of the developing world’s population is under the age of 15 and entering their most productive childbearing years. In the Third World countries (excluding China), 40 percent of the people are under 15; in some African countries, nearly half are in this age group.

Lagos current and projected population growth calls for an increase in efforts to meet the needs for food, water, health care, technology and education. In the poorest countries, massive efforts are needed to keep social and economic con-ditions from deteriorating further; any real advances in well-being and the quality of life are negated by further population growth. Many countries lack adequate supplies of basic materials needed to support their current population. Rapid population growth can affect both the overall quality of life and the degree of hu-man suffering on Earth.

5.0 THE WAY FORWARD

ACTIONS AND STRATEGIES THAT CAN BE DEVELOPED TO SOLVE THESE PROBLEMS

There is controversy over whether population growth is good or bad. Over-population and continuing population growth are making substantial contributions to the destruction of Earth’s life support systems. In the past, human populations have rarely been subject to explosion. In numbers. The powerful long-term mo-mentum that is built into the human age structure means that the effects of fertility changes become apparent only in the future. For these reasons, it is now conven-tional practice to use the technology of population projection as a means of better understanding the implications of trends.

Population projections represent the playing out into the future of a set of as-sumptions about future fertility and mortality rates. More public education is needed to develop more awareness about population issues. Facts like the size or the growth rate of the human population should be in the head of every citizen. Schools should inform students about population issues in order for them to make projections about the future generations.

Action plans and strategies can be developed to increase public understanding of how rapid population growth limits chances for meeting basic needs. The spirit of open communication, and empowerment of individual women and men will be key to a successful solution to many population problems. Collective vision about health care, family planning and women’s education at the community level build a basis for action. The creation of action plans help to meet challenges to find coop-erative solutions. Free and equal access to health care, family planning and educa-tion are desirable in their own right and will also help reduce unwanted fertility.

Individual choice, human rights and collective responsibility are key to al-lowing families to plan the size and spacing of their children. It is essential to achieve a balance between population and the available resources. Teachers, par-ents, community workers and other stakeholders should extend the range of choices about available resources to individuals, especially women, and by equal-izing opportunities between the genders from birth onwards.

Teachers, parents, other educators, politicians and other concerned citizens can practice how to make good decisions in everyday life. Decisions about family size, and resource will affect the future generations. Through commu-nity forums, specific issues about the population growth can be discussed and possible action plans can be developed.

Teachers, as well as students can use the information super highway to gain knowledge about other countries’ population and resources. Teachers can help students with problems and decision making on a daily basis. The investigation of world population will raise the level of awareness, so that we can learn to handle problems based on data. This data can help us to analyze our situations in a practical way.

Teachers, students, parents and other stakeholders can look for trends in the population explosion. They can hold community meetings at school to discuss how this issue presents a challenge to the big picture of human population on the planet “Earth”.

Above all we should

Once we recognize the fact that overpopulation is a problem and that increasing standards of living around the world will add to our resource-use and pollution-management challenges, it’s tempting to start thinking that disease, poverty, and premature death are unfortunate but necessary (as long as they happen to someone else, of course). We must resist any such temptation and work toward better solutions.

We should:

• continue to strive to reduce suffering by combating disease and poverty around the world;

• continue to improve resource efficiency and pollution control so that standards of living can rise without negative impact; and

• keep human population to numbers that are sustainable.

On the population front, that means:

• making sure people around the world have access to family planning services;

• empowering women in developing countries economically, socially, and legally in a manner that results in them having an equal say (with their husbands) in reproductive decisions;

• modifying school curricula to include information on population levels and implications for the future;

• reforming tax laws in a way that encourages couples to have no more than two children. (They would still be able to have as many kids as they want, but the tax code would no longer subsidize more than two.)

People are a good thing, but population growth without limit is not. The US and all developed countries should reinvigorate their international efforts to slow population growth.